Over the years many of us who live in Washington Heights have taken for granted the names of the streets that our homes are on. Many of these street names have a history of their own. Some of these streets were named after people who lived in the community; others were named for historic sites. Some of these streets have been changed to suit the needs of the city when the street grid was designed but still have a historic significance for the community.
Some of these streets date to the colonial period. Others have existed at one time, but have disappeared because they were absorbed into another facet of the city. Nichols Place and the Bolton Road are such examples of absorption. They are now pedestrian pathways in Inwood Hill Park.
Broadway is the spine and economic lifeline of the community as well as for the rest of Manhattan and the Bronx. Over the years, sections of this boulevard have started as an Indian path and have undergone various name changes. Until 1899, the section of Broadway from 155th to 157th streets had been known as the Boulevard Lafayette. From 157th to 170th Streets it was known as the Boulevard. The Kingsbridge Road was the name of the rest of Broadway up to the Spuyten Duyvil. Its present name came into effect in the first decade of the twentieth century.
Certain numbered streets in Washington Heights had names. Croton Street was at 165th Street between Amsterdam and Saint Nicholas Avenues until it was merged with 165th Street in 1923. Depot Lane located at 177th Street west of Broadway to the Hudson River was named in honor of the railroad station that was in Fort Washington Park near the base of the Manhattan tower of the George Washington Bridge. Reynolds Place was 180th Street between Broadway and Amsterdam Avenue. West 179th Street was originally known as Knickerbocker Street.
Fort Washington Avenue, which runs parallel to Broadway from 158th Street to Fort Tryon Park, was known as the Ridge Road in the 1870s. In time it was renamed for the Revolutionary Fort which was located in Bennett Park on Fort Washington Avenue between 183rd and 185th Streets.
The section of Fort Washington Avenue going into Fort Tryon Park was absorbed by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation in 1938 when John D. Rockefeller Jr. donated the property to the city. In 1977, the circle at the entrance to the park and the drive were named to honor Margaret Corbin, the heroine of part of the Battle of Fort Washington which took place in Fort Tryon Park in November 1776.
Magaw Place on 181st Street just east of Fort Washington Avenue was named for Colonel Robert Magaw, the commanding officer of Fort Washington when it fell to British forces on November 16, 1776. It was the former driveway of the estate of James Gordon Bennett, publisher of the New York Herald.
Saint Nicholas Avenue was named in 1931 to honor the Dutch Patron Saint of New York City. During the Dutch colonial period, it was an Indian path which was eventually used as a road for farmers and settlers to a ferry at the Spuyten Duyvil. Prior to this, sections of the Avenue went under various names, including Queen’s Road, King’s Way and the Great Post Road.
Mitchel Square and Park on 165th and Broadway was named for Mayor John Purroy Mitchel, who had left office and enlisted in the Army Air Corps in 1918. Tragically he died in a training accident. McKenna Square on Saint Nicholas Avenue and 165th Street was named for William J. McKenna, who served in the First World War.
McNally Plaza on Amsterdam Avenue between 181st and 182nd Streets was named for Corporal Richard J. McNally on December 14, 1920. McNally, who lived at 392 Fort Washington Avenue, was killed in action on September 29, 1918. The house that McNally lived in was demolished to make way for a residence for Columbia students and for those involved at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center.
In the lower Heights, Jumel Terrace played a major role in the history of the area. Located at 160th Street east of Saint Nicholas Avenue, it was named for Stephen and Eliza Jumel who in the 19th century owned the Morris-Jumel Mansion. They had become the richest landowners of their time in the district. Sylvan Terrace was the original driveway for the mansion, and in the 1880s row houses were constructed for middle-income families.
Another street in the area is Edward M. Morgan Place. The original name of the street was Audubon Place (no connection to Audubon Avenue which is in the community too), which was named for the famous naturalist who lived on 155th Street west of Broadway. Edward M. Morgan was Postmaster General of New York State.
Cabrini Boulevard was originally called Northern Boulevard. The name was changed in 1938 to honor Mother Cabrini, who died in 1917. In 1933 her body was exhumed and removed to the shrine that bears her name on Fort Washington and 192nd Street. Mother Cabrini was canonized in 1947 as the first American Saint by the Catholic Church.
There are many more streets that have a colorful and historical past. For further reading on the subject, The Street Book, An Encyclopedia of Manhattan’s Street Names by Henry Moscow can help in identifying the street where you live with a short story attached to it.
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